Duality in “Wyrd” Tracing Paradox in The Wanderer - Literature Essay Samples

In Bernard F. Huppe’s critical exposition, â€Å"The â€Å"Wanderer†: Theme and Structure†, he speaks collectively for scholarship associated with the elegiac poem, The Wanderer, stating that â€Å"the purpose of the poem is entirely Christian, its general theme being the contrast between the transitoriness of earthly goods and the security of God’s mercy†(Huppe, 516) Though this is a plausible thematic evaluation of the Old English verse, a rigorous analysis of the relationship between form and content may reveal various additional layers of meaning. Interpretations range and are often disputed due to the utilization of stoic diction and the appearance of multiple speakers throughout. The Wanderer is innately concerned with the credibility of â€Å"fate† and the concept of â€Å"free will†, out of which a dichotomy is apparent; that of divine intervention and fundamental human agency. These concepts can be observed in â€Å"wyrd†, a term that occurs frequently and differs within the context of location in the poem. â€Å"Wyrd† is essentially a paradox: the pagan connotation of â€Å"wyrd† shifts and expands, as earthly life is seen as â€Å"inexorable fate†, from the timeless perspective of God, while from the point of view of the sage who has embraced the transient nature of the world and the belief in Gods mercy, it is revealed to also be the working of providence.A common denominator in the Anglo Saxon elegy is the motif of exile, physical and mental isolation from a societal system. In the narrator’s case, personal pronouns and devotion to a â€Å"lost lord† suggest a male warrior’s excommunication from his lord’s bad of retainers. Thematically, exile is persistent throughout the poem; however, a transition from disdain to eventual embrace can be traced. The poem can be divided into two distinct modes of narration: the former seems to adopt a tradition al narrative style, while the latter assumes a didactic tone. Initially, the subject of the poem is characterized as an â€Å"anhaga†, or, the solitary man, and is described to dwell on the deaths of fellow kinsmen and the funeral of his lord. The first seven lines convey an objective and passive tone; then, editorial punctuation aside, â€Å"the wanderer’s† dialogue begins. The dialogue comes to a halt at line 29b: â€Å"weman mid wynnum. Wat se à ¾e cunnaà °,†.(The Wanderer, line 29) The narrative depicts a third person perspective in reference to the experiences of the speaker; this shift also suggests a cultural tradition. Huppe comments on this deviation and states:There is nothing unusual about this rhetorical change in person within a single monologue: the Old English poetic style strained for variety in the telling of a story†¦ the conduct of the wanderer under difficult circumstances. The motivation for the change in person at 29b is not mere adornment; heroic etiquette was a matter of fundamental import to the Old English poet.(Huppe, 522)Though this may be a matter of variety in â€Å"storytelling†, the shift may also indicate the malleability of the state of exile on an individual. The speaker, assuming there is only one, sustains the transition of the â€Å"anahaga†(line 1), the solitary man, to the â€Å"modecearig†(line 2), troubled in thought, to the final phase of â€Å"snotter on mode†(line 111) the wise in spirit. Static language still allows for movement, as the definitions for â€Å"exile† undergo change; this can be perceived as an allegory for a larger thematic concern, that of â€Å"wyrd†, as the poem chronicles a transition from a Germanic warrior society to a Christian society. â€Å"Wyrd† appears in the poem four times, and in each instance placement designates a distinct connotation of the word. â€Å"Wyrd† refers to †Å"fortune†, â€Å"circumstance†, and most often, â€Å"fate†. In the case of The Wanderer, â€Å"wyrd† correlates with the division of narrative discussed previously, as it encompasses a dichotomy of pagan fate and Christian providence. â€Å"Wyrd† is inherently paradoxical since it embodies both modes of poetic discourse; the first, narrative half may be alluding to a pagan belief system, while the second, didactic half may suggest a transition to Christian values. The word begins its journey in the poem as a stark example of fatalism: â€Å"wadan wrà ¦clastas. Wyrd bià ° ful arà ¦d!†(The Wanderer, line 5) The wanderer is, from the outset, deemed helpless, and his only opportunity for security lies in the mercy of God. Fate is characterized as â€Å"inflexible†; Christian doctrine is prevalent in these beginnings lines, and the insecurity of earthly things is developed further into the poem. The word incorporates both destiny and p rovidence. In the first two lines, â€Å"wyrd† is fate and a notion separate to God’s providence, as the narrator divulges about finding â€Å"the grace and mercy of the Lord†, yet in the same line speaks cautiously that â€Å"fate is relentless†.â€Å"Wyrd† appears again in latter half of the poem, after the change in speaker:â€Å"Eall is earfoà °lic eorà ¾an rice,/onwendeà ° wyrda gesceaft weoruld under heofonum.†(The Wanderer, line 106-107) This can be loosely translated to: â€Å"All the kingdom of earth is full of trouble, the operation of the fates changes the world under the heavens.† The connotation of â€Å"wyrd† resembles fate as a concept of a world in decline; against this insecurity the Christian individual has the comfort of his faith in God and his ultimate recess in heaven, while the pagan individual has only himself, and whatever strength is available internally. The paradoxical quality of â€Å"wyrd† is apparent in this situation of the poem, as it addresses pagan and innately Christian elements. The wanderer, as a warrior, but primarily, a biological creature, longs for peace of mind and body, but relies both in the fate dictated by God and the fate existing within himself.The concluding lines cement the contradictory nature of The Wanderer; the â€Å"anhaga†, having meditated on his troubles and tribulations as the â€Å"modcearig† finally attains the status of â€Å"snotter on mode†, or the enlightened man, conscious of his retained wisdom. The conclusion is as follows: Swa cwà ¦Ãƒ ° snottor on mode, gesà ¦t him sundor à ¦t rune.Til bià ¾ se à ¾e his treowe gehealdeà ¾, ne sceal nà ¦fre his torn to rycenebeorn of his breostum acyà ¾an, nemà ¾e he à ¦r à ¾a bote cunne,eorl mid elne gefremman. Wel bià ° à ¾am à ¾e him are seceà °,frofre to fà ¦der on heofonum, à ¾Ãƒ ¦r us eal seo fà ¦stnung stondeà °. (The Wanderer, line 111-115)The lin es, resonating with the didactic style that occupies the latter portion of the poem, articulate the wisdom, which advises a man to avoid vexation by not engaging it. However, if tragedy does occur, the individual must â€Å"not manifest the anger of his breats too quickly† and to embrace it with â€Å"courage†. This wisdom is exclusive for those that are wholeheartedly committed to the power of Fate, who, unlike the Christian man, have no divine means of escape. Virtue seems to be inherently connected to both opposing forces in â€Å"wyrd†, as it is necessary for both qualities in the character of the wanderer to find reconciliation. Huppe outlines a parallel between the beginning and concluding lines, which holds as a correlation enclosed by form and content:It would, as a consequence, appear that the structure of the poem must be built around the themal contrast between earthly insecurity and heavenly security: a contrast stated at the beginni ng, developed in the body and summarized at the end of the poem. (Huppe, 526)â€Å"Earthly insecurity† and â€Å"heavenly security† can be interpreted as the pagan and Christian values that have persistently challenged each other in the poem. Huppe engages with the structural development of the elegy as an organization of this opposition, however, ultimately, the Christian claim made in the introduction prevails; Christian faith open and close the poem, yet self-reliance and self-cultivated virtue support pagan beliefs, resulting in the paradox that pervades The Wanderer.The seeming contradiction between the misfortune that ails men and the â€Å"grace and mercy of the Lord† that is spoken in the beginning lines of the poem can be resolved in the banished wanderer’s conclusion—that perhaps there is a feasible function to the numerous misfortunes that have befallen the wanderer, as those that provoked his search for God’s mercy initia lly. The pagan interpretation of â€Å"wyrd† changes and expands, as what during earthly life is seen as â€Å"inexorable fate†, from the timeless perspective of God – or from the point of view of the sage who has embraced the â€Å"transient nature† of the world and the â€Å"belief in Gods mercy† – it is revealed to also be the working of providence.Works CitedAnonymous. â€Å"The Wanderer†. Mitchell, Bruce, and Fred C. Robinson. A Guide to Old English. 8th ed. Malden, Mass. u.a.: Blackwell, 2012. Print.Huppe, Bernard F. The Wanderer: Theme and Structure. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 42.4 (1943): 516-38. JSTOR. Web. 21 Feb. 2013.

Essay on Managing Own Continuous Professional Development

Lawrence O.W. Lingad OSCA No.: 4635 M5.31 Managing Own Continuing Professional Development __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Be able to review personal and work-related development experiences, aims, objectives and priorities. 2.1 Evaluate prior learning and work-related experience to identify personal strength and weaknesses in self-development. Humans by nature never stop learning; we undertake learning at different stages of our lives and acquire skills and competences in variety of areas. These learning may have been certified (by an academic or educational body) whilst others are not certified learning through work, social and leisure time activities. Recognising†¦show more content†¦(Recognition of Prior Learning) The term and the assessment or evaluation criteria being used varies between governing body, institutions and countries. There is the popularity of the need to recognise informal learning so as to make learning accessible to everyone. To justify the need for RPL, I have discussed some of its benefits below. Benefits of Recognition of Prior Learning The Learner: * It validates the worth of learning achieved by themselves * Increases self-esteem and confidence * Encourages learners to pursue education * May reduce the cost of college education by eliminating duplication of learning * Enables progression to other programme of study * Increases learner’s perception and understanding that learning is a lifelong process The Educational Institution: * Provides a vital service for the community, business and industry * Financial gain through increase in student recruitment and retention * Increases in efficiency by reducing the need for unnecessary training * Enables for more appropriate learner placement in programmes The Workplace and the Community: * It encourages workplace partnership with the educational institution * It helps in recognising lifelong learning and society’s need for a productive and capable workforce. (Benefits of PRL) In my own understanding, Prior Learning is knowledge and experiences from the past that can beShow MoreRelatedHr a Short Briefing for New Hr Colleagues to Help Them Perform Effectively and Efficiently in Their Roles.986 Words   |  4 Pagesyou as a HR Professional As a HR Professional, you are expected to exhibit certain behaviours and demonstrate certain activities which can be defined within bands of professional competence. http://www.cipd.co.uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-profession-map/explore-map.aspx HR Professionals must understand the business and culture for which they serve and the HR strategy must be aligned to this. As shown in the map above, there are ten professional areas in which as a HR Professional you should striveRead MoreHr Profession Map Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesunit 4DEP (HR) is my own. 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Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflection. According to Nursing Midwifery CouncilRead MoreDeveloping Professional Practice2553 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Developing Professional Practice Introduction and terms of reference This report will demonstrate my understanding of what is required to be an effective and efficient HR professional and apply CPD techniques to construct, implement and review a personal development plan. The report will discuss the CIPD HR Profession Map and how the framework and standards within it define a HR professional. The professional areas, the bands and the behaviours will be outlined and the two core professional areas as

Essay on 49183397 ENG1502 02 MARK070100 - 1035 Words

4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 865041 4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Closing Date: 30 September 2014 Unique Number: 865041 P. O. Box 236 St. Lucia Estuary 3936 -1Open Rubric 4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 865041 Index Semester 2 Assignment 2: Discourse analysis a) Collect 5 signs or posters which appear within the same environment, this could be your local church, mall, school, airport, workplace etc. ......................................................................................3 Bibliography.........................................................................5 Declaration Regarding†¦show more content†¦The sign also has a purpose where it is placed to inform guests of the danger of animals in and around the gardens. As guests are checking out there is a â€Å"Keys ?† sign at the visitors exit gate of the premises. The sign once again has a specific purpose, to ask whether guests have handed in the keys, targeting the correct audience – with the style and language used guests easily understand the gesture. These signs have direct meanings or dictionary meanings like a key – object to open or unlock a door – denotation but the connotation is have you handed back these keys.? With the above signs I have tried to analyse and explain various components that you would find in the language context. All these signs are out of the same environment written and made up for the purpose to indicate and give direction. Using language and style / explains/ themselves better to guests making them the the sign’s perfect audience for the signs in this specific environment. Some signs have direct dictionary meanings – denotations but in the same way have a connotative meaning like an association to the sign. Symbolism plays a big role in signs as lots of signs are actually made up of pictures representing a certain gesture or meaning. -4- 4918-339-7 Lelani van Blerk ENG1502 Semester 2 Assignment 02 Unique Number: 865041 Bibliography Foundations in Applied English Language Studies

Case Study Holy Family Hospital

Question: Case study on Holy Family Hospital. Answer: Introduction This case study was based on one Holy Family Hospital that was established in the year 1953. This hospital underwent a series of renovations and reforms and later came to be known as Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital in the year 1984. Six years later, the hospital came to be known as Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College. With a bed capacity of 6000, the healthcare facility is run by a team of professors, consultants, Senior and Junior Doctors as well as the auxiliary staffs. The facility also gets reinforcement from a Nursing School that is attached to it. The healthcare facility discharges various medical services such as Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emergency, Cardiology, Nephrology, Pediatric Surgery, Endocrinology, E.N.T, Urology, Dentistry among other minor and major healthcare services. The healthcare facility had a well-defined and equipped ICU with seven operation theaters that are in good and running condition. The outdoor department is always open 24/7, a system that is entirely taken care of by the morning and evening shifts. The healthcare facility is known to be accommodative to all and sundry, providing competitive healthcare services at relatively competitive rates to the affluent people while also factoring in the poor patients who are also granted access to all services at either minimum charges or no fee at all. It is also worth noting that the hospital has very low-cost outdoor services on a daily basis (working days). From a marketing approach, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College does not have an advertising system. They do not have any website to the effect, a prefect explanation as to why there needs to be an adoption of new ways of doing things. GAPS Model The quality of services is considered very imperative given the current competition and varying segments in the market. There are some models that have been put in place to determine the quality of services offered in any business providing centers. The quality services GAP is described by the difference that occurs between customer perceptions and their expectations. Typically, customers are known to share beliefs about the services they receive and treat them as a standard. Nonetheless, their perception occurs only after having the experience of the service. A couple of studies have been conducted to establish the gap between perception and customer expectations. Based on this establishment, customer satisfaction can be measured. Therefore, GAP can best be understood in this manner, if expectations are found to be greater than performance, then the perceived quality becomes less than the satisfaction, and this amounts to customer dissatisfaction. From the survey at the facility, variation of customer perceptions and expectations is evident. The health facility prides itself in many reputable standards since its inception and yet, still experiences some gaps when it comes to services it renders concerning the quality of food offered, services of the nurses and doctors and the overall infrastructure. Based on the primary data, there was considerable significance on the services provided by the doctors. On a scale of 1 to 5, none of the ten respondents gave one star. 11 percent of the respondents gave the services a 2 star out of the possible five while 10 percent of the respondents gave a 3 star. The rest of the respondents who were rated the services at 4 out of 5 hence the gap. If the majority of the response is to be given consideration, then one thing is sure, a gap of 2 exists in the overall rating that is given by the majority of the consuming patients. Service Recovery Service recovery is an action that a service provider takes in a bid to counter or give a response to service failure. A service failure occurs if customer perception of the service received does not match their anticipated expectations. As per this description, service recovery does not necessarily confine itself in the service industries. Empirical studies have shown that dealing with issues of attention in the service marketing scenarios in an effective manner constitutes the better part of critical components concerning reputations that come with the failures and institution of systems as well as processes that tackle these problems. It, therefore, goes without saying that service recovery has everything to do with all that it takes to solve the problems of the customers and doing it fast to avoid crises. While interviewing the respondents in the health facility, it occurred that there were major service failures at the facility. Surprisingly, the facility stakeholders were seen to be reluctant when it comes to initiating steps to avert this loophole despite the persistent failure of the system. In case, a doctor carries out any malpractice in so far as treatment is concerned, the victim (patient), can file a dispute with the administration which will then promptly forward the complaint to top stakeholders of the facility. The senior management, as a matter of duty, will convene an urgent meeting that is constituted by the board of directors and who will institute proper actions against the perpetrator of the anomaly. A case in point is when the facility fired a doctor who was found to be guilty after launching investigations into the wrong medical practices contrary to the code of conduct provisions. Despite this move that would otherwise be viewed as modest, the directives took considerably long to take shape and the management is aware of the concern. As a result, the facility is trying to improve its delivery and aims at minimizing their mistakes in case a future occurrence becomes imminent. The facility has also set up a suggestion cum complaint box where they receive feedback from patients on a daily basis, notes that are picked daily by the authority for quality control purposes. Another issue of pressing concern is the lack of fresh blood whenever an emergency occurs among the patients. Though this is a common problem in many hospitals, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College seems to face many challenges concerning this especially when it comes to having fresh blood from a specific blood group. The management has noted this concern and is targeting a way of procuring fresh blood on a daily basis to help mitigate the problem. On the long run, the facility would consider setting in place, a blood bank. Another problem at the facility is the huge disparity regarding dissatisfaction or satisfaction among the patients in cabin and ward sections. While having an evaluation of the quality of services among patients in the cabin section, patients seemed to have been very pleased with the kind of services at the facility. Conversely, the patients on the ward section were not as happy with the kind of services they received. Despite the management being in the know of the situation, there is yet to be any actions to arrest the situation and boost satisfaction among these patients. Conclusion The report has considerable information on the service marketing practice in the health facility. The experience of gathering this piece of information is literary considered valuable. Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College has been known for its premier standards in recent years but seems to lose its credence due to their reluctance when it comes to discharging services and failure to set up counteractive measures to avert any failures in their system. Works Cited Hill, Nigel. Handbook of Customer Satisfaction Measurement. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower, 1996. Print. Kim, Sun-il. Efficient Design and Management of Reliable Optical Networks. N.p.: n.p., 2008. Print. Kuo, Ying-Feng, and Chi-Ming Wu. "Simulated Service Failure and Recovery Scenarios in Online Shopping Measure." PsycTESTS Dataset (n.d.): n. page. Web. 24 May 2016. Mattila, Anna S., and Heejung Ro. "Customer Satisfaction, Service Failure, and Service Recovery." Handbook of Hospitality Marketing Management (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 24 May 2016. Parasuraman, A., Valarie Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry. Servqual: A Multiple-item Scale for Measuring Customer Perceptions of Service Quality. Cambridge, MA: MSI, 1986. Print. Parasuraman, A., Valarie A. Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry. SERVQUAL: A Multiple-item Scale for Measuring Customer Perceptions of Service Quality. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute, 1986. Print. Robinson, Yvette Delemos. Measuring Service Quality in the Information Services Industry: A Case Study Using SERVQUAL. N.p.: n.p., 1992. Print.

Louisiana Purchase free essay sample

Jefferson wanted to either expand land Or have other nations rule in the new mother land. After the purchase was done Thomas Jefferson had requested for the explore Meriwether Lewis and asked Meriwether Lewis to go explore the new land. Meriwether Lewis received help from Sewage who translated to other tribes for food and trading Sewage taught Lewis and Clark how to fish ,hunt and also how to grow crops, Sewage taught Lewis and Clark the basic skills to live off the land to make sure Lewis and Clark could survive off the land .Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark owe to use other resources to make sure that Lewis and Clark stayed healthy and keep them safe from harm on the excursion through the dangerous native filled land. Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark the After Meriwether Lewis and Clark came back, people started to move west and that is when the population started to grow. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain new and stronger allies. President Thomas Jefferson is showing that he had made so pretty big accomplishments in his presidency. At Americas youth, President Jefferson, in one of his greatest achievements, more than doubled the size of the United States at a time when the young nations population growth was beginning to quicken (Louisiana Purchase 1). Selling most of what they owned in the new nation, the nation of France sold 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River to the United States of America in a treaty commonly known as the Louisiana Purchase (Louisiana Purchase).Jefferson had made some pretty big leaps by helping expand the size of the United States by double the size and France made a Treaty with America called Louisiana Purchase. Even being across the Atlantic Ocean, France controlled the vast stretches of land west of the Mississippi From 1699 until 1762, the year it gave the land to its Spanish all)/ (Louisiana Purchase 1). This new purchase consisted of much of the new nation, the Louisiana purchase stretched from the Mississippi river to the beginning of the Rocky Mountains (Louisiana Purchase 1).France had most of the United States owned then they passed it on to Spanish to have control over the land, Louisiana Purchase was from Mississippi to Rocky Mountains. Unfortunately without any authorization, [and] with no time to consult their government, Monroe and Livingston went ahead and closed the deal for $15 million (Dander et al. 201). Finally the purchase was completed, France officially transferred the territory to the Americans on December 20th, and the United States took formal possession on December 30th (Purdue 69).Jefferson sent Monroe to go buy the land and he got the deal for a pretty cheap price of $1 5 million dollars after everything was said and done United States took control of the Purchase in December 30th. United States of America got this land for a very reasonable price if America wouldve waited Jefferson wouldnt have got this land . France gave up a lot of land for a cheap price and Jefferson capitalized on the big accomplishment. After giving them the land in the first place, in 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded Spain to return the Louisiana Territory (Dander et al. 01). Fortunately Napoleon got his way, in 1801 , Spain signed a secret treaty with France to return Louisiana Territory to France (Monroe 4). France and Spain made a secret treaty behind the United States to give all the land back to France. With all the secretive meetings and untrustworthy treaties, to settle the matter by peaceful measures, President Jefferson in January 1803 appointed Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to aid Robert R. Livingston In purchasing the territory at the mouth of the Mississippi (Monroe 4).Needing a companion on this important trip, Monroe joined Livingston in Paris on April 12, and the two ministers, on finding Napoleon willing to dispose of the entire province of Louisiana, decided to exceed their instructions and effect its purchase (Monroe 4). Jefferson made Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to solve the whole treaty issue that France made with the United States. Getting there just a little too late, by the time that Monroe arrived in Paris in April 1 803, Napoleon had decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the united States (Dander et al. 01). Making things short and sweet, on May 2, 1803, they signed a treaty and two conversations whereby France sold Louisiana to the United States (Monroe 4). Monroe got to France and already heard that France sold the Louisiana Purchase United States of America. Once America Purchased this land Jefferson had to sign a treaty, to make sure America wouldnt take over the land America wasnt given . France took over the Louisiana territory from the Indians.France had given up everything, in 1 762, during the French and Indian War, France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi Riveter Spain and in 1 763 transferred nearly all of its remaining North American holdings to Great Britain (Louisiana Purchase 1). Knowing that this was an important purchase for the new nation, in a letter to U. S. Minister to France, Robert Livingston, Americas third President Thomas Jefferson, stated, The day that France takes possession of New Orleans E must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation' (Louisiana Purchase 1 After conquering the Native Americans France took all of the land and gave some of it to Spain. People tried to rush the process, [even] though rumors of the purchase preceded notification from Monroe and Livingston, their message reached Washington in time for an official announcement on July 4, 1803 (Purdue 69). With much going on at the time for the French nation, France was slow in taking control of Louisiana, UT in 1802, Spanish authorities, revoked a U. S. Spanish treaty that granted Americans the right to store goods in New Orleans (Louisiana Purchase 1). When Spain heard that France sold the land to America Spain didnt agree with the treat with France. Due dates were coming up soon, [and] the purchase treaty had to be ratified by the end of October, which gave Jefferson and his Cabinet time to deliberate the issues of boundaries and constitutionally (Purdue 67). Making all of the hard work and everything put into the purchase final, the Senate ratified the treaty on October 20th by a tote of 24 to 7 (Purdue 69).When Jefferson heard that Spain revoked the Treaty Jefferson only had a little bit of time to make boundaries for the new land Jefferson had purchased. France had fought for the land against the Native Americans because France probably thought that if the land is theirs France can sell it back to America for a really high price . The Louisiana Purchase benefited us in many ways. The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain more technology through out time. This benefited our society a lot. Louisiana Purchase free essay sample As well as the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican- American War and the Californian Gold Rush of 1848, the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Exodus movement from 1879 were all key turning points which eloped the process of Westward Expansion. The key criteria for judging a turning point is if the event created opportunities to go west, if it opened up land to settle in and if it had a psychological impact on the nation. The Louisiana Purchase was a very significant event as it increased the size of the United States by double overnight for only $15 million.This was a key turning point in expansion as it opened up a huge amount of land for more settlers (an extra 828,000 square miles). Alongside this it created opportunities for people to travel west as it gave access to the Mississippi river which was important for travel and commerce. This purchase was also significant in the fact that it created a more secure environment for settlers as it eliminated the French from imperial competition, Jefferson believed the French were restricting US commerce and that they tried to control surrounding territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore this event affected the process of change as it allowed America to spread its resources and encouraged people to move west, such as the Indians which were encouraged to settle there. The most important reason for this event being a turning point was that it opened up a large amount of and to settle in, a lot of the further events which take place would not have happened if it wasnt for this territory being the United States and so provided many reasons for expansion to continue. Another key event which took place was the Mexican American War of 1 848 which begun because Texas was a gateway to the pacific and was a great agricultural prospect. This was a key turning point as it had a big psychological impact on the people of America as many believed in the Manifest destiny, in that America had a right to expand, and so supported the annexation of Texas which increased their purists on westward settlement. Polk deliberately provoked a war as he knew they could easily be overcome.The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848 which ceded California, Texas and New Mexico. Another reason for this being a turning point is that it gave access to the pacific meaning that farming was capable so created further opportunities to go west and again meant that transportation was made easier for commerce. The key reason this was a turning point was manifest destiny which was completed after this event. America had managed to secure land coast-to-coast which was a huge psychological moral boost for America who now knew they had a lot of power with a lot of land. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo led to California being ceded to America. In 1848 there was the Californian Gold rush which primarily lasted until the early 1 asss with millions of families traveling from around the world to California and surrounding areas in search for fortune. In 1850, California (now a new state) had nearly 40% foreign born inhabitants, showing that this event increased the diversity of people settling West, but also inspired many to go as they believed a new life could be made from theGold being found. Furthermore it dramatically increased the speed of people moving out west, by 1853 the population was approximately 250,000 whereas in 1848 the Californian territory had less than 1000 inhabitants. The Gold caused a great economic boom which created infrastructures leading to many people settling here and encouraged more to move west. The Californian Gold Rushs most important reason that it is a turning point in west;radar expansion is that it created opportunitie s.It allowed people to make a lot of money from the Gold, but also from new businesses which were now being rated due to a new market of people, and because of this and the great boom, many people started to settle here at a very fast rate. In 1 862 the Homestead Act was put into place, this allowed farmers to acquire 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years, or for 6 months with an additional payment of $1. 25 per acre. This was significant as it allowed small scale settlement to develop.In some ways this could be seen as a turning point as it gave farmers a chance to be economically dependent, which gave them opportunities to expand or to do other thing with their money. It also inspired any people to go west and take up these lands which could be seen from figures that show that 400,000 families set up there taking 285 million acres of land. On the other hand, there were points which showed that this wasnt as significant as it seemed.Most significantly, there was a 43% failure rate for those trying to get land in Nebraska under the Homestead Act showing that it wasnt as easy to settle west as the act tried to make it. Furthermore, land was put into the hands of men who had no sufficient foresight so even though this land was meant for farming, many people who didnt know what to do with it kook it up and eventually a lot of the land went to waste.

Complete Study Guide SAT Physics Subject Test

Complete Study Guide SAT Physics Subject Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know that if you squeezed all the matter that makes up all the people in the world together, it could fit into the size of a sugar cube? That's because atoms are mostly made up of empty space between very tiny, very dense nuclei. If you're intrigued by the mind-blowing facts and figures of physics, you might be considering the SAT Physics Subject Test. This comprehensive guide will go over exactly what's on the test (don't worry, nothing about sugar cubes). It will also tell you where you can find the best SAT Physics practice tests, and the study tips and strategies you need to know to master the SAT II. There's a lot that we cover in this guide, so here's a table of contents so you can easily find the specific information you're looking for. Format of Physics Subject Test Types of Questions on Physics Subject Test Concepts Tested on Physics Subject Test Where to Find Practice Tests How to Study for the Physics Subject Test Test-Taking Tips When to Take the Physics Subject Test How Is the Physics Subject Test Formatted? The SAT II in Physics is 60 minutes long and asks 75 multiple-choice questions. Every question has five answer choices. There are some independent questions, while others are grouped and ask about the same graph or picture. Perhaps surprisingly, you can't use a calculator on the Physics Subject Test. With less than a minute for each question, the test doesn't present overly complicated math. There are three main types of questions, which are important to understand so you can know which skills to apply. Types of Questions on the Physics Subject Test The three types of physics questions are recall, single concept, and multiple concept problems. Recall questions make up 20% to 33% of the test. They are somewhat straightforward and test your understanding of the concepts of physics. This is an example of a recall question: Answer: E Single concept problems make up 40% to 53% of the test. In addition to recalling a concept, you have to apply a physical relationship, formula, or equation to solve a problem. These questions test your understanding of simple algebraic, trigonometric, and graphical relationships, along with concepts of ratios and proportions. Answer: E Multiple concept problems account for 20% to 33% of the questions. They have the extra step of asking you to recall and bring together two or more different relationships, formulas, or equations in order to solve a problem. Answer: A Now that we understand the format of the test, let's break down the content on the test even further so you know what to study for the test. As you'll see below, it focuses primarily on mechanics and electricity/magnetism. What Is Tested on the Physics Subject Test? According to College Board, the SAT II in Physics covers mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves and optics, heat and thermodynamics, modern physics, and other miscellaneous concepts. Mechanics and electricity/magnetism questions make up over half the test. Let's look at how the test breaks down. Mechanics: 36% - 42% Kinematics, such as velocity, acceleration, motion in one dimension, and motion of projectiles Dynamics, such as force, Newton's laws, statics, and friction Energy and momentum, such as potential and kinetic energy, work, power, impulse, and conservation laws Circular motion, such as uniform circular motion and centripetal force Simple harmonic motion, such as mass on a spring and the pendulum Gravity, such as the law of gravitation, orbits, and Kepler's laws Electricity and Magnetism: 18% - 24% Electric fields, forces, and potentials, such as Coulomb's law, induced charge, field and potential of groups of point charges, and charged particles in electric fields Capacitance, such as parallel-plate capacitors and time-varying behavior in charging / discharging Circuit elements and DC circuits, such as resistors, light bulbs, series and parallel networks, Ohm's Law, and Joule's Law Magnetism, such as permanent magnets, fields caused by currents, particles in magnetic fields, Faraday's Law, and Lenz's Law Waves and Optics: 15% - 19% General wave properties, such as wave speed, frequency, wavelength, superposition, standing wave diffraction, and Doppler effect Reflection and refraction, such as Snell's Law and changes in wavelength and speed Ray optics, such as image formation using pinholes, mirrors, and lenses Physical optics, such as single-slit diffraction, double-slit interference, polarization, and color Heat and Thermodynamics: 6% - % Thermal properties, such as temperature, heat transfer, specific and latent heats, and thermal expansion Laws of thermodynamics, such as first and second laws, internal energy, entropy, and heat engine efficiency Modern Physics: 6% - % Quantum phenomena, such as photons and photoelectric effect Atomic, such as the Rutherford and Bohr models, atomic energy levels, and atomic spectra Nuclear and particle physics, such as radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and fundamental particles Relativity, such as time dilation, length contraction, and mass-energy equivalence Miscellaneous: 4% - 9% General, such as history of physics and general questions that overlap several major topics Analytical skills, such as graphical analysis, measurement, and math skills Contemporary physics, such as astrophysics, superconductivity, and chaos theory In addition to these concepts, you have to memorize certain formulas that express physical relationships, like F = ma. You have to be able to manipulate equations, read a graph, understand the metric system, and apply lab skills to answer questions. Is there anything you don't need to know? While this test is very comprehensive, there are a few things you don't have to worry about. You don't have to know trigonometric identities, calculus, three-dimensional vectors and graphs, or physical constants. The Physics Subject Test covers a great deal of content, and requires your ability to apply those concepts to manipulate equations and solve problems. Besides learning and studying in your physics class, what materials can you use to prep for the Subject Test? Where to FindSAT Physics Practice Tests You can prepare for the Physics test with high-quality practice questions in books and/or online. First,our book recommendations: Books Using official practice questions is always the best way to prepare for the SAT or SAT Subject Test. College Board currently only provides Physics practice questions in its All Subject Tests Study Guide. While the questions are high quality, because they come from a previously administered test, there is actually only one practice test to try out. Obviously, this is very limited, so you'll want to supplement with another book. You might try studying first with other books and then taking the College Board practice questions a week or two before the Subject Test to make sure you're ready. Because it's a previously administered test, it will be a good benchmark to predict how you'll score, and it can reveal any concepts you need to study last minute before test day. For a comprehensive overview of the concepts you need to know and high-quality practice questions to apply them, I recommend Princeton Review's Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test. You can use this book throughout the year in physics class to review the concepts and make sure you can apply them to SAT Subject Test questions. One downside of Princeton Review is that the explanations can sometimes be confusing and difficult to follow. Barron's is also a good option with high-quality practice questions. However, some concepts are lacking, so don't rely on it to be completely comprehensive. Barron's would be best to use two to three months in advance of your Subject Test, after you've been reviewing in class and with Princeton Review throughout the school year. Finally, two other options are Kaplan and McGraw Hill, but they would be my last recommendation. Kaplan questions are too easy, so they won't be sufficient preparation. McGraw Hill questions have the opposite problem - some are way too complicated to solve without a calculator, and thus not accurate preparation for the SAT Subject Test. Besides books, you can also find SAT Physics questions online from these sources. Online Practice Questions You should definitely give College Board's 36 online practice questions a try. Make sure to thoroughly read the explanations of any questions you're unsure about or don't know. Then review the concepts, from your class or other test prep materials, and take notes and do practice problems to shore up your understanding. Varsity Tutors has a bunch of helpful practice questions broken up into subsets of concepts. These are a good way to really identify what you know and what you need to review. This similar site also has helpful practice questions that you can automatically score, along with some glossaries and study guides. Finally, Sparknotes, though it doesn't have practice questions, has an informative overview and glossary of terms. How to Prep Effectively for the Physics Subject Test Now you have a bunch of good resources for the Physics Subject Test, but how can you use them effectively to maximize your scores? This section goes over three key study tips to follow. #1: Use Class Material The Physics Subject Test is a challenging test. It covers a lot of material, and this material takes a significant amount of time to learn. Thus staying focused and up to speed in class is vital, as well as reviewing the concepts and practice problems frequently to retain your cumulative knowledge. As you go through your physics class, you should review your classwork in conjunction with a test prep book like Princeton Review or Barron's. Then you can really do more intensive test prep in the two to three months before the Subject Test. Make sure to do a practice test a couple weeks before the test to get a good sense of your preparation and fill in any last minute gaps in knowledge. While you're taking these practice tests, you should make sure to time yourself. #2: Time Yourself Physicist John Wheeler Archibald explained, "Time is what prevents everything from happening at once." With the Physics Subject Test, you might feel like everything is happening all at once because you don't have much time at all. Timing yourself while you take practice tests will help you with pacing and time management. As you strengthen your ability to answer questions quickly and efficiently, you'll both score higher and breathe easier that you have enough time to get to all the questions and answer them well. When you take a full-length practice test, give yourself exactly 60 minutes and sit in a quiet room with few distractions. The more you practice under simulated testing conditions, the more prepared you'll be on test day. Once you take the test, you want to score your questions actively and critically. #3: Analyze Your Answers Correcting your practice tests should be a very active process. By this I mean don't simply let a wrong answer or lucky guess go. Wrong or skipped answers are an opportunity to really analyze the questions, diagnose your weaknesses and misunderstandings, and figure out where you need more prep. If you get a question wrong, mark it down in a notebook. Figure out why it was wrong- did you not know the concept, misunderstand the question, or make a careless error? If the first, you should definitely go back in your notes and review. Then find practice questions that test those concepts. So much of the Physics Subject Test is about application, not just recall. If you didn't understand the question or made a careless error, you probably need to focus on your time management and ability to focus and work efficiently. Practicing under timed conditions, as mentioned above, is the best way to train this skill. Practice tests will reveal where your strengths and weaknesses lie. Each question is an opportunity to pinpoint what you know and what you need to study further. Remember important formulas, like this one. Test-Taking Strategies for the Physics Subject Test Besides getting ready through test prep, there are some strategies you should keep in mind while taking the Physics Subject Test that should help you boost your scores. #1: Know Your Formulas You can't bring a formula sheet with you when you take the Physics Subject Test. The test will give you some constants, but you have to know the formulas that express physical relationships. Note that you also can't bring a calculator into the test. While it might seem like there are a lot of formulas to remember, they will probably start to seem intuitive the more you understand the laws and concepts of physics. If there are any that you have a hard time remembering, it might be a good idea to jot these formulas down in your test booklet at the beginning of the test. This way you can refer back to them as you go along. Make sure you know your formulas as you're studying, as well as how to apply them to single concept and multi-concept problems. #2: Use Process of Elimination On the Physics Subject test, you lose 1/4 of a point for every question you answer incorrectly. If you can't eliminate any answer choices, you should leave the question blank and avoid a point deduction, but if you can eliminate at least one wrong answer, then you're better off making your best guess. Go through the answer choices and see which ones you can cross off as definitely incorrect. This may also jog your thinking in how to approach the correct answer. #3: Don't Dwell With 75 questions in 60 minutes, you have less than a minute to spend on each question. If one of them leaves you stumped, it's best to mark it, skip it, and return to it at the end of the exam if you have time. Remember, it's always a good idea to guess if you can eliminate at least one of the answer choices. But don't spend a disproportionate amount of time on a problem, as all problems count equally toward your ultimate score. #4: Read Critically Sure, this is the Physics SAT, not a critical reading test, but the same skills of close and critical reading apply. Make sure you understand exactly what the question is asking before rushing to answer it, and be on the lookout for words like EXCEPT, BUT, ALWAYS, NEVER, or any other superlatives or words that mark a shift in emphasis. The more you practice, the more calmly you'll be able to approach the questions and deploy these strategies. When Should You Take the SAT Physics Subject Test? You can take the Physics Subject test on the May, June, August, October, November, or December test dates. College Board recommends that you have at least one year of college prep Physics before taking the Subject Test, as well as courses in algebra and trigonometry and experience in the lab. The end of junior year is a common time to take the Physics test, but some students might feel prepared at the end of sophomore year. Either way, it's best to take the test at the end of the academic year when the course content is fresh in your mind. You might also be studying for a final, which will further reinforce your understanding. Remember, you can't take an SAT Subject Test on the same day as the SAT, but you can take up to three Subject Tests in one day. It might be smart to take the SAT first, so that your math studying can inform your physics prep. With these considerations in mind, the June test date would be an ideal time to take the Physics Subject Test. You can read about other considerations for scheduling your SAT Subject Tests and the full list of dates here. With your study plan and test schedule all planned out, you will be well prepared to show off your physics skills on the SAT Subject Test and add this impressive exam to your college applications. What's Next? Looking for study resources on some of these physics topics? Check out our guides to calculating acceleration, the law of conservation of mass, and the specific heat of water. What's a good score for an SAT Subject Test? Actually, what makes a good score depends on the test. Read about the good scores broken down by each Subject Test here. Are you preparing to take the PSAT? This article goes over everything you need to know for the redesigned PSAT, along with 8 free practice tests for you to start preparing. Do you consider yourself a math person? This 800 scorer explains his best strategies for getting a perfect score on the SAT math. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Chemistry in Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Chemistry in Life - Research Paper Example to remember is that all forms of money are collectively called as currency, which in turn refers to all the money coins and banknotes which are generally accepted and in wide use in the country to which it pertains. The currency of a country is its so-called legal tender that in turn implies the medium of payment recognized by the country’s legal system. Implication in a country having a legal tender means it is valid for meeting a financial obligation. In other words, a creditor (lender) is obligated to accept any payment made in legal tender towards the repayment of a debt owed by a debtor (borrower). A good but short example is when someone pays in American dollars then the lender cannot refuse to accept such payment since a dollar is the legal tender in America (although some states accept gold or silver coins as payment). If the borrower intends to pay in kind (like mineral ores or cocaine or cattle or something else), a creditor can refuse such payment since it is not co nsidered as legal tender and can be refused to be accepted to extinguish a debt, financial obligation or some other consideration. However, before coinage was invented, barter was used which is just a simple kind of exchange for one type of goods for another type of goods or resources. An example will be a person wants to buy a loaf of bread but lacking any money, he pays for it with a live chicken depending on their agreed value of exchange (there must be some semblance of parity). Most historians are generally agreed that coins were invented at around 700 B.C.E. (before current era) independently in Lydia (now a part of modern-day Turkey), in India, and in China. Barter is a form of direct exchange by which goods and services were exchanged for another set of goods and services without the benefit of using a medium of exchange (currency). Barter has a set of inherent problems such as the difficulty in determining the exact or accurate value of an intended exchange between two kinds of